Heating system



H. H. BERRYMANN.

HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.14,1V92|.

1,401,5 2, Patented Dec. 27, 1921'.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I- fiezyymlzm.

WWVQ H. H. BERRYMANN.

HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.14, 1921.

1,401,51 2. Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

H. H. BERRYMANN.

HEATING SYSTEM.

AEPLICATION FILED JAN. 14, I921.

1,40 1 ,512 Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

H. H. BERRYMANN.

HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED'JAN. I4. 1921.

"1 ,401 ,5 1 2 Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

1 tion forms UNITED STATES HARRY H. BERRYMANN, OF CICERO, ILLINOIS;

HEATING SYSTEM.

iii-555:2:

Application filed January 14, 1921.

To all whom it may concern Be. it known that I, HARRY H. BERRYMANN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cicero, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Heating Systems, of which the following is a specification.

.This invention relates to heating systems for dwellings, and more particularly to those systems in which oil is used as fuel, and the invention has for its object to provide a structure which is automatically regulated.

A further object of the invention is to automatically shut off the fuel in case it is caused to accumulate without becoming ignited in the proper manner.

A still further object is to providea fuel' burner which is efficient in operation and eliminates carbonization of the fuel.

With these objects in view, the invention embodies a novel combination and arrangement of parts to be hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had'to the accompanying drawings, in which-- Flgure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus, showing its application;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the burner;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged section thereof on the hue 3-3 of Fig.2.

Fig. 4 is an elevation, on an enlarged scale, of the regulating unit, partly broken away;

Fig. 5 is a fragmental section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 6; FFig. 6 is a section on the line 6- -6 of *ig. 7 is a perspective view of a detail;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the unit shown in Fi 4; and

ig'. 9 is a diagram of the electrical circuits involved in the apparatus.

Referring specifically to the drawings, a

comprehensive. idea of the heating s stem may be gained from Fig. 1. In this gure, 15 denotes the furnace of a hot water, steam or hot air heating system, of the type generall used for heating dwellings and like buil ings. Inasmuch as the present invenpart of a heating apparatus which eliminates the use of coal and burns oil instead, the fuel feeding and burning element is nextto be considered.

1 Fuel oil-such as crude or black coal oilis supplied to a lineof piping 16 by gravity, from a suitable. reservoir or tank 1 The fuel passes through a plug valve 18, whose Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

Serial No. 437,284.

stem 19 is controlled by the regulator 20, and also through a manually operated valve 21, the pipe line now entering a relatively large pipe 22 inserted into the furnace 15 from the front. The pipe 22 is of consider- .able length, and passes into the furnace through a door opening commonly called a inner end of the pipe 22, being an open vessel of cast iron, shaped like a pot. The pipe projects slightly in tothe vessel, and the latter has a central upstanding post 27. As the fuel mixture issues from the pipe 22 into the retort 26 and is there ignited, a solid, upward flame is formed, outlined by the retort and spread by the center post 27. The flame issues with-considerable force, due to the pressure constantly exerted upon the fuel by the blower, and burns without smoke or soot, heating the furnace for operation as'if coal were used as fuel.

A pilot tube 28, supplying gas, is used for the lighting of the burner and maintaining the same in warm condition for starting. Thus, near the inner end of the! tube 28, which is closed by a cap 29, are two gas-flame apertures 00 and 6. Aperture a being beyond the end of pipe 22, its flame is directly opposite the latter, meeting the fuel mixture and igniting the same. The flame from aperture 1) is under the end of pipe 22, serving to keep the latter hot to facilitate the vaporization of the fuel mixture when starting the burner, and also assisting to re-light the flame from aperture 0 in case it is extinguished by the force of the fuel mixture.

The above described burner has been found very eflicient in several respects, after extended use. Thorough commingling of the fuel and air is obtained by the use of the mixer described (section 24), the air under pressure drawing the fuel with it to form a thorough mixture. .As the piping 16 does not come in contact with flame or extreme heat, the fuel moving'therein does not suffer construction, it is fit for long use, and can be replaced at small cost when disabled or worn out.

In the automatic regulation of the heating system, the following functions are considered: 1, the thermostatic control of the fuel valve and, the blower, 2, the electrical control of the same by the accumulation of unignited fuel; and 3, the mechanical equivalent of the latter (No. 2) control in the event of the failure of the electrical system.-

The regulator 20 is not broadly new, being of a type generally used in connection with a thermostat 30 for the automatic control of the stem 19, that the turning of the latter may operate the boiler damper and draft door when coal is used, or the plug valve 18 in case liquid fuel is used. The regulator beingwell known in the art, it need be only briefly described. Its frame has sides and a top 31, and employs a spring motor 32, which operates a train of gears 33, terminating in a flywheel 34. The stem 19 forms the spindle of one of the gears, and carries a cam disk 35 with four peripheral falls 36. These correspond with the operative strokes of the plug valve 18, it requiring a quarterturn to open the valve, a further quarterturn to close it, and so on. Looking at Fig. 4, it will be observed that a detent 37, fulcrumed in the frame 'at 38, is adapted toimpede the counter-clockwise motion of the cam disk 35, as imparted by the spring motor, by seating in one of the peripheral falls 36. This position of the detent is induced by the weighted armature 39 of a set of magnet coils 40, said armature being integral with the detent and extending as a continuation thereof beyond the fulcrum. As shown, the armature 39 is in lowered position due to the devitalized condition of the magnets, in which position it impedes the motion of the cam disk 35, as explained, and also motion on the part of the flywheel 34, through a strip 41 which in the lowered position shown acts as a barrier to the motion of a radial stem 87 carried by the flywheel shaft. This action, of course, assures the stopping of the spring motor.

That end of the spindle 19 which is visible in Fig. 4 carries an elliptical cam 42, which acts to lift a vertical rod 43 slidable in a block 44 of. insulation secured on the outside of one of the frame walls 20. The lower part of the rod carries a block 45 of insulation, and is depressed to follow the rise and fall of the cam 42 by a coil spring 46. The blocks 44 and 45 carry: electrical contact strips 47, leading to terminals 48, from which conductors 49 and 50 lead through the motor 51, which operates the blower 25 to the current mains of the building. The

block 45 also carries a transverse leaf spring 52 which has a right-angled and reinforced bend 53 directed toward the detent37. The latter is slotted at 54 to receive the extremity of the bend when the latter, and the block 45 supporting it are in lowered position, per Fig. 4.

Recurring to the disk 35, it is noted that from one of its faces projects a crescent shaped leaf spring 56, whose free end is adapted to frictionally engage either of four contact posts 57 mounted in a circular series on an insulation disk 58. The latter is centered on the spindle 19, but does not rotate therewith, being fastened inside that wall 20 of the frame, which is visible in Fig. 4. Electrical conductors 59 and 60 attached to the posts 57, each of these conductors passing to a pair of alternate posts in the form of branches 59 and 60. The conductors proper then lead up to the top 31 of the regulator and; are secured to the under side thereof by binding posts 61 and 62, with insulation washers interposed. Above, the posts 61 and 62 receive vertically spaced insulation strips 63 and 64 extending between the posts; then post 61 receives a conductor 65, post 62 a special contact plate 66, and a conductor 67, and both posts finally receive securing nuts 68. As noted in Fig. 8, the back part of the regulator top 31 is also provided with binding posts 69, and 71, these also being insulated. They receive.

.respectively, conductors 72, 73 and 74 from above, while a conductor 75 passes from the post 69 underneath the top toward the front, connecting there with a medial binding post 76 better illustrated in Fig. 4, this post having a flat head located between the insulation strips 63 and 64, and being otherwise insulated from the frame of the regulator. The conductors 65, 67 and 72 are, gathered into a suitable covering or conduit 77 and carried up for connection, respectively, to the three terminals 78, 79 and 80 of the thermostat 30, which is located in one of the rooms of the dwelling, and whose sensitive element is denoted by 82.

As to the binding posts 70 and '71, the former functions as the pivot of a switch lever 83, which extends to the front, passing between the insulation strips 63 and 64, and receiving a handle 84. The conductor 7; leads from the post 70 to one terminal of a dry battery 86, or other source of low voltage; and the conductor 74 leads from the binding post 71 to the other terminal 'of the battery, having a branch denoted by 88, passing throu h the magnet coils 40, to an insulated bin mg post 89 on the back wall of the regulator, as shown in Fig. 5. This post has a tension strip 90 bearing'normally on a pin 91 projecting from the wall and thus furnishing a ground connection. This c0nnection is adapted to be broken automatically as the spring motor 32 becomes unwound, to disable the low voltage circuit while the spring motor is unable to operate the fuel valve 18 as described. The method of breaking the ground connection is employed on the standard regulator, and involves a train of reducing ears 92 leading 'fromthe spring motor sha t, the final gear carrying a peripherally insulated stud 93 in the direction denoted by arrows as the spring unwinds, the stud lifting the tension strip 90 off the pin 91 when the unwound stage of the spring motor is reached. The frame of the regulator now forms a ground medium, which completes the low-voltage circuit through the cam disk 35 and its crescentshaped leaf spring 56 (Fig. 6). 1

The thermostatic control of the fuel valve 18 and the blower may be secured with theparts so far described, as follows, the lever 83 being normally at the middle and in contact with binding post 76: Assuming the fuel valve to be shut off and the current of the electric motor 51 interrupted, from the position of the cam 42 and the block 45 in Fig. 4, it should follow that the lack of activity in the burner 26 causes a fall in the temperature in the rooms of the dwelling, and in turn a connection of the sensitive element 82 of the thermostat 30 with the low temperature contact terminal 79, a circuit being now formed through the following: Element 82, low temperature element, contact 79, conductor 65, post 61, conductor 59, branches 59, posts 57, spring 56, cam disk 35, ground, formed by the regulator 20, pin 91, strip 90, conductor 88, magnet coils 4O continuation of conductor 88, post 71, conductor 74, battery 86, conductor 73, post 70, lever 83, post 76, conductor 75, post 69, conductor 72 and contact 80. The magnet coils 40. becoming energized, armature 39. is attracted, whereby strip 41 is raised out of the path of flywheel stem 87,

and detent 37 is drawnaway from the cam disk 35. The spring motor being released now operates, turning cam disk 35 in the direction of the arrows in Fig. 4, until the major axis of the cam 42 assumes a vertical position, at which time the spring 56 of cam disk 35 slips off that contact post 57 over which it has been moving onto the next contact post 57 of the series. This action opens the circuit causing the armature 39 to'fall and impede the action of the spring motor and cam disk 35, the latter having turned through ninety degrees. This motion has operated the stem 19 of the fuel valve 18 to open the latter, and caused, through the action of the cam 42, the strip 47 of the blocks 44 and 45 to make contact and set'the motor 51 in motion. With the fuel turned on, and the blower in action, the burner resumes its operation in the manner previously explained.

In case a room tem erature above that desired is reached by the continued operation of the burner, an action similar to the above is induced by the contact of the thermal element 82 with the high temperature terminal 78, whereby a circuit is established through the conductor 67, post 62, conductor 60, branches 60, post 57, spring 56, etc., as

before, it being recalled that the spring 56,-

due to its previous travel, now engages one of the contacts that communicate with conductor 60. It will be obvious without fur- .ther explanation that the second operation ignited fuel, it will be noted in Figs. 1 and 2 that a discharge tube 94 issues from the bottom of the retort 26, taking a course underneath the pipe 22, and being supported from the latter by a hanger 95. The tube 94 is made with a drop 96 to serve as a fume-trap and is shaped to discharge into a. pan 98. The latter is suitably suspended from a bar 99, which extends obliquely across the top of the regulator 20, as shown in Fig. 8, and is fastened to the handle 84 of the lever 83, with insulation interposed at 100 to prevent a short circuit. The bar carries two depending screws 101, which when the bar is-weighted by the filling of the pan 98 with unignited fuel returning from the retort 26 through tube 94, act as a fulcrum with the regulator top as a support to rock the bar 99 so as to raise that end thereof which is attached to the. lever handle 84. This, of course, raises the lever into contact with the special contact plate 66 aforementioned, and establishes a circuit involving post 62, conductor 60, etc., and ending with post 70, whereby the valve and motor control are put in action. Here the question arises whether an operating or a shut off function will ensue. Of course, under the circumstances, ashut-ofi' action is the only one that will afford relief. This is secured by the automatic connection of the lever 83 with the post 62 rather than with the post 61, for the reason that only the post 62 is involved in the shutting-off circuit; hence,

' that the pan may not overflew. The weighting of the bar 99 as described in the last preceding section is made to cause the bar to depress a pin 102 (Fig. 5) passing loosely through the regulator top 31, so as to bear on a rocker arm 103, fulcrumed transversely of the frame at 104, and forming a pusher 105 directed toward the leaf spring 52 when the latter is held in elevated position due to that position of the block 45 while the fuel valve is turned on. The advance of the pusher will, through the spring 52, trip the -detent 37 so as to release the spring motor-as before explainedand the cam disk 35 for operation. The detent being held away from the cam disk, the spring motor operates the latter until the block 45 falls. The spring 52 now having dropped out of reach of the pusher, detent 37 immediately returns to stop the motion of the cam disk, by force of the counterweight of armature 39. -The slot 54 in the detent enables it during advance to clear the reinforced bend 58 of the spring 52. The feature described in this section forms the more reliable safeguard of the apparatus, as its action is positive.

It is thus seen that, while the regulator and the thermostatic control thereof may be old in their application to a liquid-fuel burner, it is the new safety appliances, or safeguards described above that render such a combination practical for general use. The failure of gas, low-voltage electricity or high voltage electricity, or a combination of these at a time when the fuel valve is open would cause the fuel to remain unignited and to flood the retort. The novel safeguards, however, prevent the retort from filling, accomplishing a shut-off of the fuel,

through the action induced by the drainage tube 94, as described. The result being a decided drop in the room temperature, irregular action in the heating plant will be suspected and accordingly remedied.

I claim:

1. The combination with a liquid-fuel burner and a fuel-control valve; of a thermostat, motive means for the valve actuated by the contact action in the thermostat, a fuel drain for the burner for discharge of fuel upon failure of ignition, a receptacle into which the drain discharges, and means actuated by the weighting of the receptacle to put said motive means into operation independently of contact action of the thermostat.

2. The combination with a liquid-fuel burner and a fuel-control valve of a thermostat, motive means for the valve, a drain for the burner for discharge of fuel upon fail me of ignition, a receptacle into which the drain discharges, means actuated by the weighting of the receptacle to put said motive means into operation, and other means controlled by the valve whereby the motive means is made capable of operation only when the said valve is open.

The combination with a liquid-fuel burner and a fuel-control valve; of a thermostatically controlled and clectro-responsive means for operating the valve, a fuel drain for the burner for discharge of fuel upon failure of ignition of the burner, a receptacle into which the drain discharges, and means actuated by the weighting of the receptacle to effect the actuation of the aforesaid means independent of the thermostat.

4. The combination with a liquid-fuel burner and a fuel-control valve; of a thermostatically controlled and electro-responsive means for operating the valve, a fuel drain for the burner for discharge of fuel upon failure of ignition of the burner, a receptacle into which the drain discharges, means actuated by the weighting of the receptacle to effect the actuation of the aforesaid means independent of the thermostat, and means associated with said actuating means for effecting closure of the valve upon failure of the electro-responsive means to function.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

HARRY H. BERRYMANN. 

